Codex:S

Salvage
"Salvaging is saving, in a manner of speaking."

- Ragetti

The act of saving a ship or its cargo from the perils of the sea. 

Savvy
"Son, I'm Captain Jack Sparrow. Savvy?"

- Jack Sparrow to Gillette

To comprehend; understand. Jack Sparrow commonly used the term, almost as a catchphrase.

Scurvy
Contemptible or despicable; literally a disease due to a deficiency of Vitamin C.

Shiver me timbers
"Shiver me timbers!"

- Mullroy to Pintel and Ragetti

Shock or suprise, drawn from the shock of a cannonball impact which literally shivers a ship's timbers.

Squall
"A call to all, pay heed to the squall, / And turn your sails toward home."

- from Hoist the Colours

A sudden, violent gust of wind. 

Starboard
The right-hand side of a vessel facing forward; opposite to portside. 

Stern
The aft or rear of a vessel; opposite to bow. [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/stern

Stowaway
A person who hides aboard a vessel to obtain free transportation or to elude pursuers. Elizabeth Swann stowed away aboard the Edinburgh Trader to reach Tortuga.

Swag
Money or valuables, plunder or booty.