Codex:S

Sail
A canvas mounted on a ship used to catch the wind and drive it along; "to sail", a voyage or excursion in a vessel; collective term for sailing vessels. 

Salvage
"Salvaging is saving, in a manner of speaking."

- Ragetti

The act of saving a ship or its cargo from the perils of the sea. 

Savvy
"Son, I'm Captain Jack Sparrow. Savvy?"

- Jack Sparrow to Gillette

To comprehend; understand. Jack Sparrow commonly used the term, almost as a catchphrase in which context the word was thought to mean "Understand?" or "Get it?".

Scurvy
Contemptible or despicable; literally a disease due to a deficiency of Vitamin C.

Shilling
"Hold up there, you! It's a shilling to tie up your boat in the dock. And I shall need to know your name." "What do you say to three shillings, and we forget the name?" "&hellip;Welcome to Port Royal, Mr. Smith."

- Harbormaster and Jack Sparrow

The shilling is a unit of currency used in the British Empire.

Shiver me timbers
"Shiver me timbers!"

- Mullroy to Pintel and Ragetti

Shock or suprise, drawn from the shock of a cannonball impact which literally shivers a ship's timbers.

Shroud
The taut ropes or wires converging from both sides on the head of a lower or upper mast of the outer end of a bowsprit to steady it against lateral sway: a part of the standing rigging. 

Silver
"Not all treasure is silver and gold, mate."

- Jack Sparrow to William Turner Jr.

A white, ductile metal used to make coins, ornaments, etc. Also commonly used as currency.

Sir
A respectful or formal term of address used for a man, such as "No, sir". It could also refer to a distinctive title of a knight or baronet; after being knighted, Lord Beckett had once been refered to as Sir Beckett. Lastly, it could refer to a lord or gentleman, such as "noble sirs and ladies".

Smithy
Also forge. The name for a blacksmith's workplace. John Brown maintained a smithy in Port Royal.

Squall
"A call to all, pay heed to the squall, / And turn your sails toward home."

- from Hoist the Colours

A sudden, violent gust of wind. 

Starboard
The right-hand side of a vessel facing forward; opposite to portside. 

Stay
Any of various strong ropes or wires for steadying masts; to put a ship on the other tack; also in stays: heading into the wind with sails shaking, as in coming about. 

Stern
The aft or rear of a vessel; opposite to bow. 

Stowaway
A person who hides aboard a vessel to obtain free transportation or to elude pursuers. Elizabeth Swann stowed away aboard the Edinburgh Trader to reach Tortuga.

Swag
Money or valuables, plunder or booty. 

Sweep
"Make ready the guns, and run out the sweeps!"

- Hector Barbossa

A long oar used to propel a vessel. The Black Pearl carried sweeps.

Sweep (or Sweeper) is also a term for a type of very light swivel mount cannon that was loaded exclusively with grape shot for the sole purpose of decimating the target's crew whilst leaving the ship itself intact.